8051
The Intel MCS-51 (also known as the 8051) is a single chip microcontroller (MCU) series introduced by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems. John H. Wharton designed the Intel MCS-51 instruction set. Intel’s original versions were widely used in the 1980s and early 1990s, and enhanced binary compatible derivatives are still widely used today. It is a complex instruction set computer with some RISC architecture features such as a large register set and register windows, as well as separate memory spaces for program instructions and data.
The original MCS-51 family, like its predecessor Intel MCS-48, was developed using N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) technology, but later versions, identified by a letter C in their name (e.g., 80C51), use complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology and consume less power than their NMOS predecessors. As a result, they were more suitable for battery-powered devices.
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Features of 8051
In a single package, the 8051 architecture provides many functions (central processing unit (CPU), random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), input/output (I/O) ports, serial port, interrupt control, timers):
• It has an 8-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and accumulator, eight 8-bit registers (one 16-bit register with special move instructions), an 8-bit data bus and two 16-bit address buses, a program counter, a data pointer, and other 8/11/16-bit operations; thus, it is primarily an 8-bit microcontroller.
• Boolean processor with 17 instructions, a 1-bit accumulator, 32 bit-addressable registers (4×8-bit) and up to 144 special 1 bit-addressable RAM variables (18×8-bit).
• Instructions for multiplying, dividing, and comparing.
• Each of the four fast switchable register banks has eight registers (memory mapped).
• Fast interrupt with register bank switching as an option
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